Biocompatibility and immunogenicity of elastin‐like recombinamer biomaterials in mouse models

Abstract Novel thermo‐sensitive elastin‐like recombinamers (ELRs) containing bioactive molecules were created for use as a biomimetic biomaterial for tissue regeneration. For effective use for in vivo applications, it is essential to ensure that they do not induce adverse inflammatory, immune, or allergic responses that inhibit tissue repair. Therefore, we sought to establish a pre‐clinical approach to evaluate biocompatibility in experimental mice using ELRs as a prototype biomaterial. First, we measured in vitro proliferation and cytokine production from BALB/c and C57BL/6 mouse splenocytes incubated with ELRs. Second, we used a rapid, high throughput in vivo approach in which inflammatory cells and cytokines were measured following an intraperitoneal implantation. Lastly, a subchronic in vivo approach was used in which ELRs or positive controls were subcutaneously implanted and the implantation sites were assessed for inflammation and gene expression. We found that ELRs induced mild inflammation and minimal fibrosis compared to the intense response to Vitoss. Additionally, implantation increased antigen‐specific antibody titers for both groups and gene expression profiling of the implantation sites revealed the upregulation of inflammation, fibrosis, and wound healing‐related genes in ELR and positive control‐implanted mice compared to sham controls. These data demonstrate that ELRs appear safe for use in tissue engineering. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 106A: 924–934, 2018.