Lignin

Abstract The article contains sections titled: 1. Occurrence and Functions 2. Structure and Biosynthesis 3. Physical Properties 4. Chemical Properties 4.1. Kraft Pulping 4.2. Sulfite Pulping 4.3. Other Pulping Processes 4.4. Pulp Bleaching 4.5. Yellowing Reactions 5. Commercial Lignins 6. Analysis 6.1. Detection and Quantification 6.2. Isolation 6.3. Spectroscopic Methods 6.4. Degradation Methods 6.5. Molar Mass Determination 7. Uses 8. Toxicology