Lip and tongue biting in patients with a brain injury: a practical guide

Patients who have sustained a profound brain injury often bite their lips and tongue, damaging their oral tissues. Lip and tongue biting usually occurs in patients with atypical oral reflexes and can lead to severe trauma to soft tissues, resulting in pain, lacerations, swelling, bleeding, ulceration and difficulties providing oral care. Due to the prevalence of lip and tongue biting, healthcare professionals involved in their care must be aware of the presentation, prevention and management, and when and how to refer to dental services.