Comparison of the prognostic factors of total en bloc spondylectomy and total piecemeal spondylectomy in patients with Enneking stage III giant cell tumor in the thoracic and lumbar spine

Abstract Purpose To compare total en bloc spondylectomy with marginal margins against piecemeal spondylectomy with intralesional margins in the surgical treatment of Enneking stage III spinal giant cell tumor (GCT) in terms of local recurrence. Methods A retrospective survival analysis of patients with Enneking stage III GCT who underwent TES with marginal margins or total piecemeal spondylectomy with intralesional margins was performed between January 2006 and April 2020. Local recurrence-free survival (LRFS) was the time between the date of surgery and recurrence. Factors with p -values < 0.05 in the univariate analysis were included in the multivariate analysis using proportional hazard analysis. Results Sixty patients (25 men and 35 women) with a mean age of 35.6 (range 11–71) years were included. The mean follow-up duration was 93 (range 24–198) months. Two patients were lost to follow-up 6 and 14 years after the procedure. Over a 10-year period, the recurrence rate was 13.3%. The 2-, 5-, and 10-year LRFS rates were 95%, 88%, and 78%, respectively. Univariate analysis identified total piecemeal spondylectomy and no adjuvant radiotherapy as prognostic factors for LRFS. Multivariate Cox‐regression models showed a significant association between local recurrence and total piecemeal spondylectomy and no adjuvant radiotherapy. Conclusion TES with marginal margins is better than total piecemeal spondylectomy with intralesional margins owing to its lower postoperative recurrence rate. Adjuvant radiotherapy should be administered to reduce postoperative recurrence rates.