Do the roles of green supply chain learning, green employee creativity, and green organizational citizenship behavior really matter in circular supply chain performance?

To date, scholars have given less attention to how inter-firm learning and human factors promote a circular supply chain for SMEs in emerging markets. Drawing upon the socio-technical system theory, this study explores how green supply chain learning, green organizational citizenship behavior, and green employee creativity contribute to circular supply chain performance. Findings from a survey of 153 firms in Ghana suggest that green supply chain learning does not have a significant impact on circular supply chain performance and green employee creativity, but it significantly relates to green organizational citizenship behavior. In addition, green organizational citizenship behavior and green employees' creativity have a significant effect on circular supply chain performance. Finally, green organizational citizenship behavior and green employee creativity jointly mediate the relationship between green supply chain learning and circular supply chain performance. The study offers insight into the factors that drive circular supply chain performance of small and medium enterprises in an emerging economy.