The multiplier effect of data elements empowering green economic development: a mechanism examination based on innovation-driven

Green and sustainable has become an inevitable trend of economic development. Therefore, this paper analyzes the spatial characteristics and influence mechanism of data elements and green economy. Firstly, the kernel density estimation model is used to analyse the spatial characteristics. Secondly, the ordinary panel regression model is used to explore the direct effect of data elements on green economy. Thirdly, the mediation effect model and the threshold effect model are used to explore the influence mechanisms of data elements on green economy. The conclusions are as follows: (1) Data elements and green economy show an increasing trend, and data elements and green economy increased from 0.090 and 0.110 in 2013 to 0.240 and 0.193 in 2022, respectively. (2) Data elements significantly promote the green economy, but there is regional heterogeneity. The impact is strongest in the North, followed by the East, South, Central, and West. (3) Data elements impact the green economy through an innovation-driven intermediary role, the innovation-driven mediation effect was 0.128, and accounted for 53.11% of the total effect proportion. (4) Data elements show a non-linear impact on the green economy. With thresholds at data element values of 0.020 and 0.023, the impact follows a non-linear pattern.