Stable and Efficient Red InP-Based QLEDs through Surface Passivation Strategies of Quantum Dots

. Additionally, CTA-treated QDs induced the formation of an interface dipole, elevating the energy levels of QDs and reducing the injection barrier for holes. Moreover, the dipole moment at the interface hindered electron injection, achieving a more balanced carrier injection in the device. Consequently, we achieved a peak external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 21.21%.