Single‐cell RNA Sequencing Contributes to the Treatment of Acute Myeloid Leukaemia With Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Chemotherapy, and Immunotherapy

ABSTRACT Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is caused by altered maturation and differentiation of myeloid blasts, as well as transcriptional/epigenetic alterations and impaired apoptosis, all of which lead to excessive proliferation of malignant blood cells in the bone marrow. It is these mutations that cause tumor heterogeneity, which is linked to a higher risk of relapse and death and makes anti‐AML treatments like HSCT, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy (ICI, CAR T‐cell‐based therapies, and cancer vaccines) less effective. Single‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐seq) also makes it possible to find cellular subclones and profile tumors, which opens up new diagnostic and therapeutic targets for better AML management. The HSCT process works better when genetic and transcriptional information about the patient and donor stem cells is collected. This saves time and lowers the risk of harmful side effects happening in the body.