Study on the Oscillating Phenomenon of Welding Pool with Different Penetration States in Short-Circuiting GMAW

The oscillating phenomenon of the weld pool has a direct physical correspondence with its penetration state, which has broad application prospects in the monitoring of weld penetration states. This article studied the characteristics of the oscillating phenomenon of the weld pool in short-circuiting gas metal arc welding (S-GMAW) with different penetration states based on a welding high-speed photography system. The results show that the form of the liquid bridge electric explosion impact on the weld pool is “surface impact” in S-GMAW. The oscillation frequency of the weld pool decreases as the size of the weld pool increases. Compared with the partially penetrated weld pool, the boundary conditions of the fully penetrated weld pool had different boundary conditions, resulting in higher oscillation amplitude and lower oscillation frequency. In S-GMAW, no difference in welding voltage signal, caused by the difference in amplitude of the weld pool oscillation with different penetration states, was observed.