In this chapter, the concept of archaeometallomics is put forward to study the role of metal elements in cultural relics. Examples are the influence of metal elements in the identification of their origin, authenticity, the manufacturing technology, and the aging mechanism used for the production of ancient ceramics, metal cultural relics, and ancient paintings. This analysis also provides the social and cultural connotations of the development process of that time and shows that there is a close relationship between the technology and the metal elements in culture relics. The application of different analytical techniques in studying metallic elements is also briefly summarized. The structure of specific metal elements in cultural relics can be used to study the mechanism of corrosion and aging of cultural relics and technological restoration, providing important reference value for the protection and restoration of cultural relics.