Urban pipeline rainwater runoff is an important pathway for land-based microplastics transport to inland surface water: A case study in Beijing

Microplastics (MPs) as new environmental pollutants are receiving increasing attention worldwide. Urban rainwater runoff plays an important role in facilitating the migration of land-based MPs to surface water. Previous research has focused predominantly on aquatic ecosystems, whereas research on this migration pathway and the characteristics of MPs in rainwater pipelines draining from different land-use types is still lacking. This study investigated the abundance and characteristics of MPs in rainfall and pipeline rainwater runoff from main roads, office complexes, an agricultural experiment station, and residential areas during different rainfall periods in Haidian District, Beijing, China. Microplastic abundance in pipeline rainwater runoff ranged from 1.6 to 29.6 items L-1, of which 0.7 to 6.0 items L-1 were derived from rainfalls, accounting for 24.0 % to 77.4 % of the total. Microplastic abundances in rainfall and pipeline rainwater runoff decreased significantly as rainfall events progressed. The proportions of MPs < 1 mm in rainfall (38.0 %) and rainwater runoff (44.5 %) were the largest. Average MPs abundance was the highest in rainwater runoff from the main road area and lowest in the office area (p < 0.05). The abundance of polyester fibers in rainwater runoff from the residential area was significantly higher than that in other areas, while the main road area had the highest abundance of films (p < 0.05). Overall, 72 % of MPs in rainfall were fibers, and most were composed of polyester, while the MPs in rainwater runoff were mainly fragments (41.2 %) and fibers (35.3 %) composed mainly of polypropylene, polyethylene, and polyester. This study shows that urban pipeline rainwater runoff is one of the main pathways for land-based MPs transport to surface waters, and provides a scientific reference for preventing and controlling MPs entering water bodies through rainwater pipelines.