Retrospective review of safety and efficacy of anlotinib in advanced osteosarcoma with metastases after failure of standard multimodal therapy

Abstract Aim To study the safety and efficacy of anlotinib, a multitargeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor, in the treatment of advanced osteosarcoma (OSS) with metastases. Methods We retrospectively studied patients with advanced OSS and metastases who received anlotinib treatment in our hospital from June 2018 to April 2020. All patients had received standard multimodal therapies, before taking anlotinib. Therapeutic doses of anlotinib were 12 mg for adults and 10 mg for children and adolescents once a day for 2 consecutive weeks, followed by a week of withdrawal. This 3‐week cycle of treatment was continued until the tumor progressed rapidly or the patients failed to tolerate the side effects. Adverse drug reactions were recorded, and therapeutic efficacy was evaluated based on progression‐free survival (PFS), disease control rate (DCR), overall survival (OS), and objective response rate (ORR). Results The median PFS was 9.8 ± .9 months, and the 6‐ and 10‐month PFS rates were 73% and 33%, respectively. The median OS was 11.4 ± .6 months. No patients achieved complete response. After 6 months of treatment, the DCR and ORR were 80% and 13%, respectively. No drug‐related deaths or Grade 4 adverse events occurred in the patients. Five patients (33%) had Grade 3 adverse events. The most common drug‐related adverse events were hand‐food syndrome, fatigue, high blood pressure, anorexia, and pneumothorax. Conclusions Anlotinib had a modest therapeutic effect in patients with advanced OSS after the failure of standard treatment. The adverse events were mostly tolerable or relieved after treatment.