Controllable Electrochemical Deposition and Theoretical Understanding of Conformal Perovskite on Textured Silicon towards Efficient Perovskite/Silicon Tandem Solar Cells

Perovskite (PSK)/crystalline silicon (c-Si) monolithic tandem solar cells (TSCs) are considered as a promising alternative to break the single-junction Shockley–Queisser efficiency limit. However, existing methods for preparing PSK on textured c-Si solar cells are either technically complex or expensive. Here, we report a simple and efficient two-step electrochemical deposition method for the conformal growth of nanoscale PSK on traditional pyramid-shaped textured silicon heterojunction solar cells. In combination with the simulation based on the Butler–Volmer model, we have understood the electrode dynamics of the overpotential deposition of uniform Pb on the textured silicon surface, followed by the complete conversion of the deposited Pb into conformal and nanoscale PSK. The nucleation and growth of Pb and PSK can be conveniently optimized by adjusting the bias voltage, and the entire electrochemical deposition process can be completed in a few minutes. We have further investigated theoretically the effect of the pyramid height and angle on the uniformity and thickness distribution of the Pb deposition and PSK conversion. The present work establishes an easy way for low-cost PSK/c-Si monolithic TSCs.