Ethyl acetate extract and its major constituent, isorhamnetin 3-O-rutinoside, from Nitraria retusa leaves, promote apoptosis of human myelogenous erythroleukaemia cells

Objective: Fractionation of ethyl acetate extract (EA) obtained from Nitraria retusa leaves was assessed using different methods of chromatography, and isorhamnetin3-O-rutinoside (I3-O-R) was isolated from this extract.Its structure was determined using data obtained from 1 H and 13 C NMR spectra, as well as by various correlation experiments (COSY, HMQC and HMBC).Both EA extract and I3-O-R were investigated for their ability to induce apoptosis in human chronic myelogenous erythroleukaemia cells (K562).Materials and methods: Apoptosis of cells from the K562 line was detected by DNA fragmentation, PARP cleavage and by evaluating activities of caspases 3 and 8. Results: Apoptosis, revealed by DNA fragmentation and PARP cleavage, was observed after 48-h incubation of these human myelogenous erythroleukaemia cells (K562), with the tested products.Likewise, caspase 3 and caspase 8 activities were induced in the presence of the EA extract and I3-O-R after 48 h of incubation.Conclusion: Our results strongly suggest the involvement of the extrinsic pathway of apoptosis in cells treated by both the original EA extract and its major component, I3-O-R.