Low-intensity extracorporeal shock wave therapy in vasculogenic erectile dysfunction refractory to PDE5 inhibitors: a prospective study with 12- and 18-month outcomes

Li-ESWT is a safe and effective treatment for vasculogenic ED unresponsive to PDE5-Is, with maximum benefit observed within 12 months. Efficacy tends to decline at 18 months. Larger controlled studies are needed to define long-term outcomes.