Modulation of Electron-Rich Heteroatom Cross-Linked Lignin Molecular Cages and Their Potential Application in Capturing Elemental Iodine

-hexane solution and 264.32 mg/g in aqueous solution. Further, EC-L(N) demonstrated exceptional reusability. This study not only provides key technical support for optimizing the adsorption performance of lignin-based iodine capture materials and expanding their practical applications in radioactive wastewater and exhaust gas treatment, but also offers important theoretical insights for the structural design and functional development of electron-rich heteroatom-modified biomass materials.