The Pharmacokinetic Profile and Bioavailability of Enteral N-Acetylcysteine in Intensive Care Unit

Background and Objectives: N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is a mucolytic agent used to prevent ventilator-associated pneumonia in intensive care units. This study aimed to evaluate the oral bioavailability of NAC in critically ill patients with pneumonia, isolated acute brain injury and abdominal sepsis. Materials and Methods: This quantitative and descriptive study compared NAC’s pharmacokinetics after intravenous and enteral administration. 600 mg of NAC was administered in both ways, and the blood levels for NAC were measured. Results: 18 patients with pneumonia, 19 patients with brain injury and 17 patients with abdominal sepsis were included in the population pharmacokinetic modelling. A three-compartmental model without lag-time provided the best fit to the data. Oral bioavailability was estimated as 11.6% (95% confidence interval 6.3–16.9%), similar to bioavailability in healthy volunteers and patients with chronic pulmonary diseases. Conclusions: The bioavailability of enteral NAC of ICU patients with different diseases is similar to the published data on healthy volunteers.