双酚A
生物转化
糖苷
代谢物
环境化学
栅藻
化学
内分泌干扰物
生物降解
生物累积
生态毒理学
食品科学
藻类
生物
植物
有机化学
生物化学
内分泌系统
激素
环氧树脂
酶
作者
Nobuyoshi Nakajima,Tetsuya Teramoto,Fumie Kasai,Tomoharu Sano,Masanori Tamaoki,Mitsuko Aono,Akihiro Kubo,Hiroshi Kamada,Yoshitaka Azumi,Hikaru Saji
出处
期刊:Chemosphere
[Elsevier]
日期:2007-10-01
卷期号:69 (6): 934-941
被引量:93
标识
DOI:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2007.05.088
摘要
The endocrine disruptor bisphenol A (BPA, 4,4′-isopropylidenediphenol) is used to manufacture polycarbonate plastic and epoxy resin linings of food and beverage cans, and the residues from these products are then sometimes discharged into rivers and lakes in waste leachates. However, the fate of BPA in the environment has not yet been thoroughly elucidated. Considering the effect of BPA on aquatic organisms, it is important that we estimate the concentration of BPA and its metabolites in the aquatic environment, but there are few data on the metabolites of BPA. Here, we focused on freshwater microalgae as organisms that contribute to the biodegradation or biotransformation of BPA in aquatic environments. When we added BPA to cultures of eight species of freshwater microalgae, a reduction in the concentration of BPA in the culture medium was observed in all cultures. BPA was metabolized to BPA glycosides by Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, Scenedesmus acutus, Scenedesmus quadricauda, and Coelastrum reticulatum, and these metabolites were then released into the culture medium. The metabolite from P. subcapitata, S. acutus, and C. reticulatum was identified by FAB-MS and 1H-NMR as bisphenol A-mono-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (BPAGlc), and another metabolite, from S. quadricauda, was identified as bisphenol A-mono-O-β-d-galactopyranoside (BPAGal). These results demonstrate that freshwater microalgae that inhabit universal environments can metabolize BPA to its glycosides. Because BPA glycosides accumulate in plants and algae, and may be digested to BPA by β-glycosidase in animal intestines, more attention should be given to levels of BPA glycosides in the environment to estimate the ecological impact of discharged BPA.
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