Analytical solution of piezoelectric composite stack transducers

This article presents the dynamic analytical solution of piezoelectric composite stack transducers under external harmonic mechanical loads, which is based on the linear theory of piezoelasticity. The solution is obtained by using the displacement method. The effects of the load frequency, the load amplitude, and the thickness of electrode on the dynamic characteristics of the transducers are discussed. Experimental results strongly verify the validity of the proposed theoretical analysis.