Prioritizing biomarkers as objective measures of nutrient and food intake for dietary surveys

The purpose of this review was to summarize the most established and promising biomarkers of intake to consider in dietary surveys. Based on an exploratory literature review, we provided an overview of their advantages and limitations, considering the validity, reliability and specificity, the sample collection and participant burden. Moreover, we summarized the primary biological matrices used for biomarker measurements and presented some of their advantages and limitations.