Construction and verification of a risk prediction model for cognitive frailty in older patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and diabetes mellitus

Objective We explored risk factors for cognitive frailty in older patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and diabetes mellitus to develop and verify a risk prediction model for cognitive frailty. Methods This was a cross-sectional study. Convenience sampling was used to randomly select 378 patients hospitalized between February 2022 and December 2023. We allocated 265 patients who visited between February 2022 and February 2023 to a modeling group to analyze risk factors for cognitive frailty and create a logistic regression model for risk prediction. Another 113 patients who visited between March 2023 and December 2023 were included in a validation group for model verification. Results The cognitive frailty incidence in the 265 patients was 35.09% (93/265). Regression analysis showed that age >80 years (odds ratio [OR] = 4.576), regular exercise (OR = 0.390, polypharmacy (OR = 3.074), depression (OR = 2.395) duration of COPD combined with diabetes (OR = 1.902), Family APGAR index score (OR = 0.428), and chronic pain (OR = 2.156) were factors influencing the occurrence of cognitive frailty in older patients with COPD accompanied by diabetes. Conclusions The constructed risk prediction model for cognitive frailty in older patients with COPD and diabetes showed good predictive value, aiding in the clinical identification of high-risk patients and facilitating timely intervention and guidance.