Innovations in Core–Shell Electrospinning: A Comprehensive Review in Recent Advances of Core–Shell Electrospun Polylactic Acid Nanocomposite Fibers for Potential Biomedical Applications

The unique structural and functional properties of polylactic acid (PLA) nanofibers, particularly in core-shell structures, have placed them as a crucial material in biomedical engineering. In addition to its renewable characteristics, biodegradability, and biocompatibility, PLA distinguishes itself and satisfies the increasing demand for environmentally friendly and sustainable materials in medical applications. It is an optimal material for scaffolds, implants, and biomedical devices due to its adjustable mechanical strength, degradation rate, excellent biocompatibility, and capacity to form intricate fiber architectures. The precise manipulation of PLA nanofibers can be made easier by advanced electrospinning techniques, which maintain the structural integrity of the PLA nanofibers while allowing for the encapsulation with controlled release of bioactive compounds. The core-shell architectures enhance mechanical performance, cellular adhesion, and proliferation, making them suitable for various advanced biomedical applications. Moreover, PLA degradation products have a much lower environmental effect compared to other synthetic nondegradable polymers, signifying a substantial advantage. The review article covers the techniques used for the fabrication of coaxial electrospun PLA nanofibers, their benefits, and potential uses in innovative healthcare products and sustainable biomedical practices.