In vitro and in vivo anti-osteoporotic effects of different fractions from Xanthoceras sorbifolium wood

The wood of Xanthoceras sorbifolium (XS) is used in ethnomedicine to treat bone pain. Osteoporosis is among the causes that may result in bone pain. XS was extracted with supercritical CO2 to obtain a fraction CDF and XS residue; The XS residue was extracted by refluxing with ethanol, and the ethanol extract was concentrated to obtain a supernatant fraction (ES) and a precipitate fraction (EP); the major chemical components the fractions were identified by high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. ES and EP effectively counteracted the dexa-methasone-induced delay in the calcification of zebrafish and promoted the differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells. ES upregulated oestrogen receptor 1 and osteocalcin, while EP downregulated myc proto-oncogene, matrix metalloproteinases 9, preproinsulin, and interleukin 6, promoting bone formation. ES and CDF decreased the abnormal aggregation of neutrophils. ES and EP's primary components also exhibited anti-osteoporotic activity, with myricetin demonstrating the strongest anti-osteoporotic effect.