Research on development indicators of transportation in cold region cities

Cold cities are located in the Northern Hemisphere, where travel conditions in winter are often harsh, mainly due to weather conditions and seasonal restrictions. Although there are efforts to plan and construct subways, light rail, and other rail transportation, as well as promote emerging public transportation methods like Bus Rapid Transit in cold cities, the progress is relatively slow. In cold cities, traffic congestion is more severe and complex than in non-cold cities due to significant surface transportation pressure. Therefore, to accurately understand the traffic characteristics and needs of cold cities, it is necessary to formulate effective transportation development strategies to enhance the performance of the transportation system and meet the travel needs of residents. This research takes transportation in cold cities as its subject, focusing on current problems and travel characteristics. The study covers planning, design, and operation phases, proposing indicators for the development of transportation in cold cities. The goal is to explore methods and indicators to solve the current problems. In addition, this research aims to provide guidance and technical support for planning managers, policy makers, and urban managers to better cope with the transportation challenges in cold cities.