The exploration of surgical outcomes in patients with giant cell tumor of the tendon sheath in spine: An epidemiological, radiological, and follow-up investigation

This study aimed to characterize giant cell tumor of the tendon sheath (GCTTS) in spine more fully and further validate the therapeutical effect of surgcial resection for treating this neoplasm.Patients diagnosed with spinal GCTTS and received surgical resection in our hospital between January 2009 and September 2021 were identified retrospectively. The clinical data and radiological images were summarized and the clinical outcomes of patients with a follow-up period of more than 12 months were analyzed.Thirty patients with benign GCTTS and one with malignant GCTTS were included. Preoperative radiological images were available in 28 of 30 benign cases. Benign lesions were revealed as soft tissue masses centering on the facet joint with osteolytic bone destruction in 26 patients on CT, and as prevertebral or intramuscular masses without bone erosion in 2. MRI showed the signal of isointensity or hypointensity on T1 weighted images (T1WI) in 25 patients and slightly hyperintense in three. On T2 weighted images (T2WI), 17 lesions displayed homogeneous hypointense signal, and eight lesions possessed heterogeneous signals. The remaining three lesions featured slightly hyperintense signal on T2WI. Follow-up data were available in 23 of 30 benign cases treated with gross-total resection, and two patients experienced recurrence.Spinal GCTTS should be suspected in cases with features such as the mass mainly involving the posterior bone elements, the lack of intralesional calcification, T2-weighted dark signals, and free of any cancer. Gross-total resection is an effective means for treating spinal GCTTS.