Reconstructable Carbon Monolayer-MoS2 Intercalated Heterostructure Enabled by Atomic Layers-Confined Topotactic Transformation for Ultrafast Lithium Storage

The intercalation structure of two-dimensional materials with expanded interlayer distance can facilitate mass transport, which is promising in fast-charging lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). However, the designed intercalation structures will be pulverized and destroyed under tough working conditions, causing overall performance deterioration of the batteries. Here, we present that an intercalated heterostructure made of the typical layered material of MoS₂ intercalated by N-doped graphene-like carbon monolayer (MoS₂/g-CM) through a polymer intercalation strategy exhibits a unique behavior of reversible reconstructability as an LIB anode during cycling. A mechanism of "carbon monolayers-confined topotactic transformation" is proposed, which is evidenced by substantial in/ex situ characterizations. The intercalated heterostructure of MoS₂/g-CM featuring a reconstructable property and efficient interlayer electron/ion transport exhibits an unprecedented rate capability up to 50 A g^-1 and outstanding long cyclability. Moreover, the proposed strategy based on g-CM intercalation has been extended to the MoSe₂ system, also realizing reconstructability of the intercalated heterostructure and improved LIB performance, demonstrating its versatility and great potential in applications.