Polyphenol‐based Materials as Sensors: Recent Trends in Chemo‐ and Bio‐sensing

As is well known, sensing materials are one of the key components of the chem- or biosensor. In recent years, polyphenol-based materials such as metal-polyphenol coordination capsules, colloidal spheres and nanocrystals have been reported. Various nanoporous metal oxide and carbon materials can be obtained using polyphenol polymers as a building block. These polyphenol-based nanomaterials have greatly expanded their applications in energy, environment, biomedicine, etc. Especially polyphenol-based nanomaterials have become one of the most efficient chemical and biological sensing materials. Using electrochemical, fluorescence, colorimetric or other methods, polyphenol-based nanomaterials can detect different substrates, including ion sensing (e.g., pH sensing and metal ion sensing) and molecular sensing (e.g., small molecule sensing and biomacromolecule sensing, etc.) with high sensitivity, stability, selectivity, response speed, and low power consumption. The content of this chapter mainly starts with polyphenol-based sensing materials, introducing their background, synthesis methods, and sensing applications. We hope this chapter's content can guide future polyphenol-derived chemo/biosensors research.