Functionalized neutrophil nanovesicles for targeted photodynamic immunotherapy and potentiation of checkpoint blockade in colorectal cancer

T cell responses, effectively remodeling the microenvironment. In tumor-bearing mice, systemic RNC administration combined with local irradiation suppressed primary subcutaneous tumor growth and elicited significant abscopal effects on distant, non-irradiated tumors. Notably, co-administration with PD-1 blockade further amplified antitumor efficacy and systemic immune activation. This biomimetic nanoplatform integrates active targeting, photodynamic cytotoxicity, and ICD-driven immune priming, offering a synergistic strategy to convert "cold" CRC tumors into "hot" lesions and enhance checkpoint inhibitor therapy.