Recent Advancement in Bioremediation of Pollutants Using Green Synthesized Nanoparticles

Advancements in agricultural approaches, increased population and industrial development have created the problem of environmental pollution. This pollution causes loss of biodiversity and several serious health diseases. Therefore, several approaches have been utilized to remove environmental pollution. However, most of these methods have drawbacks. Nanotechnology is an extensively growing field that has various applications in decreasing the adverse effects of toxic pollutants. Nanotechnology is a cost-effective and environmentally friendly method to solve the problem of environmental pollution. Nanoparticles (NPs) have been synthesized by traditional chemical and physical techniques. However, these traditional methods have several drawbacks, such as being expensive and producing toxic substances. The natural bioremediation method removes pollutants at a slow rate, and thus the removal process takes more time. Thus, it is important to introduce alternate techniques, which is nanobioremediation. Nanobioremediation includes the role of both microorganisms and NPs; as a result, the removal of pollutants by this method occurs within a shorter time. Biogenic resources such as bacteria, fungi, viruses, algae, yeast and plants are used to synthesize NPs. Biogenic method for the synthesis of NPs is a clean, safe, environmentally gentle, and sustainable method. The objective of the present review is to highlight the application of green synthesized NPs for the removal of pollutants such as dyes and heavy metals from wastewater. However, more research is required to study the toxic effects of green synthesized NPs, reusability and their commercialization at larger scale. It is expected that the use of green-synthesized NPs for the removal of pollutants will expand in the future.