Enhanced Recovery of Phenolic Compounds in Pomegranate By‐Products Using Green Technologies

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to obtain the pomegranate by‐product with the highest yield, total phenolic content and antioxidant activity utilizing different combinations of solvent, enzymatic and homogenization extractions. While the highest extraction yield and total flavonoid content were determined in ES (Enzymatic and Solvent extractions) and TS (Total liquefaction and Solvent extraction) extracts, ESH (Enzymatic, Solvent and Homogenizer‐assisted extractions) (71.90 mg GAE/g dm), TS (68.21 mg GAE/g dm), and ES (66.07 mg GAE/g dm) extracts had the highest total phenolic content ( p > 0.05). Furthermore, the ESH (0.14 mg C3G/g dm) and ES (0.13 mg C3G/g dm) demonstrated the highest total anthocyanin content. The application of enzymatic extraction techniques resulted in a notable enhancement in the free phenolic content of the samples when compared to the other methods. The ESH sample exhibited the highest individual phenolic content, with ellagitannins representing the most abundant component. The highest DPPH radical scavenging activity was determined in the ES (348.65 mg TEAA/g dm) and TS (322.75 mg TEAA/g dm) extracts, whereas the highest FRAP was observed in the TS (440.43 mg TEAA/g dm) and ESH extracts (437.74 mg TEAA/g dm). The TS extract (523.43 mg TEAA/g dm) had the highest CUPRAC. Consequently, the enzyme application was observed to demonstrate a significant enhancement in yield, bioactive component, and antioxidant values of the extracts.