Non‐N‐Doped Carbons as Metal‐Free Electrocatalysts

Abstract Ten years have passed since the discovery of the first nitrogen‐doped carbon‐based metal‐free catalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction, which opened a new field of catalysis toward a large variety of important applications, ranging from energy conversion and storage to environmental remediation. Various heteroatom‐doped carbons, beyond nitrogen‐doping (N‐doping), with distinctive features have also been developed for many specific reactions of practical significance (e.g., oxygen reduction (ORR), water splitting (OER and HER), CO 2 reduction (CO 2 RR), and N 2 reduction (NRR)). However, the topic of metal‐free non‐N‐doped carbon electrocatalysts has not been reviewed till now. This article aims to review recent advances in non‐N‐doped carbon electrocatalysts with an emphasis on their synthesis, catalytic mechanisms, and catalytic performance in various electrochemical reactions, including the ORR, OER, HER, H 2 O 2 production, NRR, and CO 2 RR. Like N‐doping, boron‐doping, phosphorus‐doping, and fluorine‐doping are found to show similar catalytic efficiency for the ORR, OER, and HER. However, oxygen‐doping and boron‐doping are particularly favorable for the selective production of H 2 O 2 and NH 3 , respectively, exceeding the performance of N‐doping. Along with the timely and critical overview on the non‐N‐doped carbon electrocatalysts, current challenges and future perspectives for this emerging field are also discussed.