Ni–Cu Nanoparticles-Embedded Ag-Based Reflector for High-Efficiency Light-Emitting Diodes

We investigated the use of a silver reflector embedded with Ni–Cu nanoparticles to achieve low resistance and high reflectivity in GaN-based flip-chip light-emitting diodes. Compared to a single layer of Ag, the NC-NPs/Ag reflector exhibits a higher light reflectance of ~90% at a wavelength of 450 nm, a lower contact resistance of 4.75 × 10 −5 II cm 2 , and improved thermal stability after annealing at 400°C. The NC-NPs formed after the annealing process prevents agglomeration of the Ag layer, while also reducing the Schottky barrier height between the p -GaN layer and metal reflector. The LED fabricated with a NC-NPs/Ag reflector exhibited a forward-bias voltage of 3.13 V and an improvement in light output power of 36.6% (at 20 mA), when compared with the LED composed of a Ag SL. This result indicates that the NC-NPs/Ag reflector is a promising p -type reflector for high-intensity light-emitting diodes.