Diagnostics of the condition of sucker-rod pumping units after the analysis of dynamogram cards

Despite of the increased share of oil wells equipped with submersible electrical centrifugal pumps, a considerable part of them is equipped and operated with sucker-rod pumping units. When operating wells with sucker-rod pumping units, different plunger pumps are used. The rod string is operated in severe environment due to long contact with highly corrosive well products and time-variant loads. Taking into account all acting loads, the diagnostics of the condition of sucker-rod pumping units is a difficult task. At the majority of oil fields in Russia, the operation of wells equipped with sucker-rod pumping units is controlled by portable and stationary dynamographs of various models. Moreover, dynamographs are used, as a rule, only to obtain images of dependence of the force on the polished piston rod upon its stroke. Based on dynamograms it is possible to find the well flow rate, pump capacity, force on the polished piston rod, etc. But one of the main problems to be solved with the help of dynamometry is the forecasting of down-hole equipment condition in the process of further operation. In this paper we overview the methods to diagnose the condition of sucker-rod pumping units based on dynamograms. The aim of the work is to develop the mathematical model to forecast the failures of down-hole pumping equipment on the results of dynamometry to automatize the control process of the unit operation. The research tasks are to analyze the existing methods for diagnosing the condition of sucker-rod pumping units, and to develop the mathematical model for forecasting the failure of the valve unit leakage. As a result, the method for forecasting the increased failure on the example of the fluid leakage in the pump injection unit is proposed. The permissible boundaries of the change in the relative force on the polished piston rod are drawn up. As a result, the failure increase is forecasted based on the frequency of the relative force on the polished piston rod getting within the interval obtained.