环境科学
气候变化
自然灾害
洪水(心理学)
热浪
全球变暖
脆弱性(计算)
极端气候
温室气体
危害
自然灾害
气候学
人类住区
人口
环境资源管理
降水
地理
生态学
气象学
地质学
心理学
心理治疗师
考古
人口学
社会学
计算机安全
计算机科学
生物
作者
Amir AghaKouchak,Felicia Chiang,Laurie S. Huning,Charlotte Love,Iman Mallakpour,Omid Mazdiyasni,Hamed Moftakhari,Simon Michael Papalexiou,Elisa Ragno,Mojtaba Sadegh
标识
DOI:10.1146/annurev-earth-071719-055228
摘要
Climate extremes threaten human health, economic stability, and the well-being of natural and built environments (e.g., 2003 European heat wave). As the world continues to warm, climate hazards are expected to increase in frequency and intensity. The impacts of extreme events will also be more severe due to the increased exposure (growing population and development) and vulnerability (aging infrastructure) of human settlements. Climate models attribute part of the projected increases in the intensity and frequency of natural disasters to anthropogenic emissions and changes in land use and land cover. Here, we review the impacts, historical and projected changes,and theoretical research gaps of key extreme events (heat waves, droughts, wildfires, precipitation, and flooding). We also highlight the need to improve our understanding of the dependence between individual and interrelated climate extremes because anthropogenic-induced warming increases the risk of not only individual climate extremes but also compound (co-occurring) and cascading hazards. ▪ Climate hazards are expected to increase in frequency and intensity in a warming world. ▪ Anthropogenic-induced warming increases the risk of compound and cascading hazards. ▪ We need to improve our understanding of causes and drivers of compound and cascading hazards.
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