Autonomous DNA nanomachine based on cascade amplification of strand displacement and DNA walker for detection of multiple DNAs

DNA can be modified to function as a scaffold for the construction of a DNA nanomachine, which can then be used in analytical applications if the DNA nanomachine can be triggered by the presence of a diagnostic DNA or some other analyte. We herein propose a novel and powerful DNA nanomachine that can detect DNA via combining the tandem strand displacement reactions and a DNA walker. Three different DNA sensing platforms are described, where the whole DNA machine was constructed on a gold electrode (GE). This cascade multiple amplification strategy exhibited an excellent sensitivity. Under optimal conditions, the electrochemical sensor could achieve a detection limit of 36 fM with a linear range from 50 to 500 fM. In particular, the electrochemical sensor could easily distinguish the base mutations. More interestingly, the DNA nanomachine could be used to construct analog AND and OR logic gates. We demonstrate that electrochemical signals generated from the different input combinations can be used to distinguish multiple target DNAs. The practical applicability of the present biosensor is demonstrated by the detection of target DNA in human serum with satisfactory results, which holds great potential for a future application in clinical diagnosis.