A modular two-component protein cage for spatially organized enzymatic assembly and enhanced metabolic flux

membrane, positioning it proximally to the downstream lycopene pathway enzyme CrtE. This spatial organization resulted in a 4.0-fold increase in lycopene production, demonstrating the scaffold's capacity to enhance metabolic flux through substrate channeling. Our modular platform provides a versatile tool for constructing spatially organized multi-enzyme assemblies, with broad applicability in synthetic biology and metabolic engineering.