Geochemical Characteristics and Genetic Mechanism of Geothermal Fluid in the Xianxian Geothermal Field in the Central Cangxian Uplift

Xianxian geothermal exploitation area is one of the areas with the best occurrence conditions of geothermal resource in North China, rich in medium and low temperature geothermal resource, and is a typical carbonate geothermal field. However, its hydrogeochemical evolution process is not clear, and no complete conceptual model of geothermal genesis has been established to guide the exploration, development and utilization of geothermal resource in the area. It restricts the sustainable development of regional geothermal resource and the realization of carbon emission reduction targets. In this study, geothermal fluids in the area were collected for testing and analysis in terms of hydrochemical characteristics and stable isotopes. Based on systematic geochemical research, the formation mechanism of geothermal fluids was analyzed, and a conceptual model of geothermal genetic in the study area was established. The main understanding is as follows: the hydrochemical type of geothermal water in the study area is Cl-Na type, and the water-rock interaction is not balanced. The formation of geothermal water in the area is affected by the infiltration of atmospheric precipitation, and it is terrestrial leached water. The flow path of geothermal water is long, the water circulation is slow, and the metamorphism is deep. Dolomite, calcite and gypsum dissolution are the main sources of Mg2+, Ca2+, $${\text{HCO}}_{3}^{ - }$$ , and $${\text{SO}}_{4}^{{2 - }}$$ in geothermal water, besides, other minerals containing calcium and magnesium are also part of their sources. The source of geothermal water recharge is atmospheric precipitation, and the recharge elevation of geothermal water is about 619–1069 m. The age of the geothermal water is between 16 000 and 18 000 years. The sulfur in geothermal water mainly comes from the leaching of sedimentary layer.