Carbon nanostructures with antibacterial and wound healing activities: recent progress and challenges

, and -COOH). These materials have been extensively explored as promising materials for antibacterial and wound healing applications. Therefore, this review focuses on the synthetic approaches for fabrication of carbon-based nanostructures and their characterization using various analytical techniques. Additionally, the underlying mechanisms of their antibacterial and wound healing activities are examined. Finally, current challenges and limitations associated with their development are discussed to guide future research directions.