The multifaceted nature of peroxiredoxins in chemical biology

Peroxiredoxins (Prx), thiol-dependent peroxidases, were first identified as H₂O₂ detoxifiers, and more recently as H₂O₂ sensors, intermediates in redox-signaling pathways, metabolism modulators, and chaperones. The multifaceted nature of Prx is not only dependent on their peroxidase activity but also strongly associated with specific protein-protein interactions that are being identified, and where the Prx oligomerization dynamics plays a role. Their oxidation by a peroxide substrate forms a sulfenic acid that opens a route to channel the redox signal to diverse protein targets. Recent research underscores the importance of different Prx isoforms in the cellular processes behind disease development with potential therapeutic applications.