A graphene/Au/TiO2 coated dual-core PCF SPR biosensor with improved design and performance for early cancer cell detection of with high sensitivity

Nowadays, the second most common disease in the world is cancer and in recent years, the mortality rate from cancer has increased. A biomarker-based approach to diagnosis might significantly improve cancer early detection and subsequent therapy. For the identification or detection of biomarkers, Biosensors are most suitable and crucial tools. An outstanding technique to enable the detection of bioanalytes without the need for labels, using optical methods, is Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) technology. This research proposes a biosensor based on SPR technology that exhibits enhanced sensitivity and capabilities for the identification of cancerous cells that is based on hybrid Graphene, Au, and TiO2 layer. Our prototype's fibre has a hexagonal lattice pattern that is perforated with round air holes, that improves sensor performance. The COMSOL Multiphysics Simulation tool's approach known as Finite Element Model (FEM) was used for the numerical study. Using the wavelength-interrogation and amplitude-interrogation techniques, the refractive-index (ri) alterations of malignance cells are identified. After optimising the fibre parameters and utilising the numerical results of the amplitude and spectrum interrogation methodologies, we discovered that this biosensor demonstrated a maximum sensitivity of 5714.29 nm RIU−1 for MCF7 cells when subjected to spectral interrogation. When subjected to amplitude-interrogation techniques, the biosensor exhibited a sensitivity of 599.53 1/RIU for MCF7 cells. Additionally, the biosensor demonstrated a value of 4.0 × 10−5 RIU for Basal cells as higher resolution.