Novel paper sensor with modified aptamer for accurate detection of clinical cardiac troponin I

and three Sp18 into the aptamer, demonstrated enhanced sensitivity and specificity for CTnI detection. When applied to clinical samples, Aps3-CTnI-PS@CP exhibited a favorable receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.982, a sensitivity of 0.917, and a specificity of 0.945 for CTnI detection. This performance correlates strongly with traditional chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA) assays used in clinical settings. The straightforward fabrication process and minimal batch-to-batch variability make Aps3-CTnI-PS@CP a promising candidate for clinical aptamer-based CTnI detection.