Comprehensive Review of the Four Stimulation Modes in Spinal Cord Stimulation (SCS) Therapy

Chronic pain is a global health problem with a significant patient and socioeconomic burden. The technology of spinal cord stimulation (SCS), an efficient strategy for managing persistent pain, has undergone significant development in the previous couple of decades. The purpose of this paper is to review the development of SCS techniques, compare the efficacy of different SCS modalities, and explore future research directions. The article reviewed the development of SCS, including traditional tonic SCS, high-frequency SCS, burst SCS, and closed-loop SCS. Clinical trial and research data analysis were used to assess the safety and effectiveness of the different SCS modalities in the treatment of chronic pain. The study showed that high-frequency SCS and burst SCS were effective in relieving pain without producing paresthesia compared with conventional SCS. Closed-loop SCS provides a more personalized treatment plan by modulating stimulation through real-time feedback. However, the application of SCS still faces technical challenges, such as electrode displacement and equipment malfunction. SCS technology shows great potential in chronic pain management. With technological advances, SCS is expected to provide more effective and personalized treatment options for chronic pain patients. Subsequent investigations ought to concentrate on enhancing device stability, mitigating issues, and investigating astute and customized therapeutic alternatives.