The effect and mechanism of liraglutide on the biological functions of BMSCs in diabetic patients

Abstract Objectives To investigate the effect of liraglutide on osteogenesis in human alveolar bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and the influence of liraglutide on implant–bone integration in rats with T2DM. Subjects and methods Extracting BMSCs from the alveoli of diabetic patients treated with insulin. BMSCs were treated with different concentrations of liraglutide. Osteogenesis and the underlying mechanism were investigated via ALP detection, ALP staining, Alizarin Red S staining, Western blotting, and RT‐PCR. Liraglutide was given to Wistar and GK rats after implantation, and new bone formation around the implants was analyzed via micro‐CT. Implant–bone integration in rats was investigated via toluidine blue staining. Results Liraglutide enhanced osteogenesis in BMSCs via the BMP2/Smad/Runx2 signaling pathway. The optimal concentration of liraglutide that promoted osteogenesis was 10 −8 mol/L. At concentrations higher than 10 −7 mol/L, liraglutide had a negative effect on BMSCs. At a concentration of 10 −8 mol/L liraglutide, BMSCs and diabetes mellitus–bone marrow stromal cells (DM‐BMSCs) showed optimal osteogenesis. Liraglutide promoted implant–bone integration and new bone formation in Wistar and GK rats. Conclusions Liraglutide not only promotes osteogenesis of BMSCs in normoglycemic individuals but also enhances osteogenesis of BMSCs in diabetic patients treated with insulin and enhances osseointegration in rats.