Taking dual function materials (DFM) from the laboratory to industrial applications: A review of DFM operation under realistic integrated CO2 capture and utilization conditions

Abstract Integrated CO2 Capture and Utilization (ICCU) is gathering momentum as a promising strategy to curb harmful CO2 emissions. This approach enables the use of dilute emissions as a source of carbon for chemicals synthesis through processes like methanation, reverse water gas shift (RWGS), or dry reforming of methane (DRM). One of the ICCU approaches is performed by using dual function materials (DFMs), which contain adsorbent and catalytic components. While utilizing DFMs for CO2 capture and conversion can potentially enhance reaction yields and lower costs by intensifying CO2 utilization processes, the practical use of these materials under relevant industrial settings is limited. Bringing this technology to real applications demands a deep scientific exploration, particularly regarding their behavior in the presence of impurities and high levels of oxygen. Herein we critically analyze the performance of different adsorbents and catalysts under realistic conditions for CO2 capture and conversion into methane or syngas. Additionally, we discuss the stability of DFMs when exposed to various contaminants that typically poison heterogenous catalysts and identify several research gaps in this area.