Effectiveness of Quadriceps Strength Training in Adults With Knee Osteoarthritis: A Systematized Review

BACKGROUND: Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is a common degenerative condition causing pain, affecting mobility, and quality of life. As muscle weakness worsens in KOA, this review evaluates the effectiveness of quadriceps strengthening exercises in managing pain. METHODS: This review used the PubMed database to identify free full-text randomized controlled trials from the past 5 years, limited to English-language human studies, guided by the PICO framework. The Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Tool was used to assess study quality; RCTs scoring ≥ 80% were included. Data were analysed descriptively, and effect sizes were calculated using G*Power software. RESULTS: Nine RCTs showed that quadriceps strengthening significantly reduced pain and improved function in KOA. Effective exercises included straight leg raises, terminal knee extensions, and open/closed chain movements over 8-12 weeks. CONCLUSION: Quadriceps strengthening as a part of lower extremity strengthening is effective in reducing pain in KOA and should be prioritised in patient-specific programs.