Twenty-year panoramic review of stem cells research in kidney diseases (2005–2025): a bibliometric and clinical trial-based exploration

Over the past two decades, a systematic elucidation of the overall trajectory and clinical translation of stem cell research in kidney diseases has been lacking. To address this gap, we conducted a bibliometric analysis and clinical trial search focusing on the period from 2005 to 2025, thereby mapping the global landscape of stem cell research in kidney diseases. Our results indicate a growing body of literature, accompanied by extensive international collaborations, with the United States and China leading in research output. In terms of research themes, mesenchymal stem cells continue to garner sustained attention for their reparative applications. Over the past decade, there has been a marked increase in studies on exosomes, extracellular vesicles, and kidney organoids. Nevertheless, clinical translation remains relatively delayed, suggesting that laboratory discoveries require additional time to reach bedside applications. This study provides a global perspective grounded in empirical data, helping to clarify critical frontiers and challenges.