Consideration of the Clinical Diagnosis of Allergic Fungal Sinusitis: A Single-Center Retrospective Study

Introduction Allergic fungal rhinosinusitis (AFRS) is characterized by refractory and high recurrence rate. Improper treatment may lead to repeated recurrence and even serious complications, including vision loss, blindness, and intracranial complications. However, AFRS is easy to be misdiagnosed clinically. Objective To ensure early diagnosis, the clinical presentations of patients with AFRS were studied. Methods Data from patients with sinusitis hospitalized in the First Affiliated Hospital of the University of Science and Technology of China (USTC) from January 2015 to October 2022 were collected. The patients were divided into three groups; group A patients with AFRS, group B patients suspected of AFRS, and group C patients with fungus ball sinusitis (FBS).We retrospectively analyzed the data using IBM SPSS 19.0 to perform the chi-square test and one-way ANOVA test. Results In total, 35 cases of AFRS, 91 cases of suspected AFRS, and 661 cases of FBS were rediagnosed. Compared with FBS patients, AFRS patients were younger, the total IgE, the percentage of eosinophils and basophils in peripheral blood were higher, and the proportion of patients with allergic rhinitis, asthma or hypo olfactory was higher. It had a higher recurrence rate. These results were also observed in the comparison between suspected AFRS patients and FBS patients, but no significant difference was found in the comparison between suspected AFRS patients and suspected AFRS patients. Conclusions and Significance AFRS may be misdiagnosed due to the low detection of fungi. To ensure early diagnosis, we recommend that patients with clinical, radiological, and laboratory features similar to those of AFRS but without evidence of fungal staining be treated according to the treatment criteria of AFRS.