Advances in plant immunity and disease resistance breeding

Plant diseases seriously affect the yield and quality of crops. In the process of prevention and control, it is important to study the mechanism of plant autoimmunity. It has been found that the plant immune system consists of at least two layers. The first layer is pathogen associated molecular pattern(PAMP) -induced immunity(PTI), that is, plants recognize PAMPs of pathogens through cell surface pattern recognition receptors(PRRs), thus initiating the plant defense response. The second layer is pathogen effector induced immunity(ETI), in which some virulent pathogens produce effectors to inhibit PTI and break through the first line of plant defense. Plants have evolved new molecular receptors like nucleotide binding domains and leucine-rich repeat receptors(NLRs) to detect pathogen effectors and initiate a second defense response. Meanwhile, in the field of resolving plant diseases, process has been made in rice, wheat and other disease resistance research, which has a significant impact on crop disease resistance molecular breeding.