Mammalian lipophagy: process and function

: AMPK, AMP-activated protein kinase; ATG, autophagy related; ATG8s: mammalian Atg8-family proteins; C1P: ceramide-1-phosphate; CMA, chaperone-mediated autophagy; COPI, coatomer protein complex I; DENV, dengue virus; ER, endoplasmic reticulum; ESCRT: endosomal sorting complex required for transport; FFA: free fatty acid; HOPS, homotypic fusion and vacuole protein sorting; LDs, lipid droplets; LIR: LC3-interacting region; MASLD, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease; MTORC1: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase complex 1; PE: phosphatidylethanolamine; PEDV: porcine epidemic diarrhea virus; PENV, porcine epidemic diarrhea virus; PtdIns3K-C1: class III phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase complex 1; PtdIns3P, phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate; ROS, reactive oxygen species; SNARE: soluble NSF attachment protein receptor; SPG54: spastic paraplegia type 54; TAG: triacylglycerol/triglyceride; UBDs, ubiquitin-binding domains.