Net Primary Production and Ecosystem Carbon Flux of Brazilian Tropical Savanna Ecosystems From Eddy Covariance and Inventory Methods

Abstract Estimates of net primary (NPP) and ecosystem production (NEP) are needed for tropical savanna, which is structurally diverse but understudied compared to tropical rainforest. We used eddy covariance and inventory methods to estimate carbon (C) fluxes for an upland mixed grassland and a seasonally flooded forest to determine the correspondence between these methods and assess the contribution of C cycling components to the total NPP. Both techniques provided similar estimates of net ecosystem CO 2 exchange (−3.0 ‒ 2.3 MgC ha −1 y −1 for eddy covariance vs. −2.0 ‒ 4.3 MgC ha −1 y −1 for inventory), gross primary production (7.5–16.3 MgC ha −1 y −1 for eddy covariance vs. 8.7–18.4 MgC ha −1 y −1 for inventory), and total NPP (0.9–7.5 MgC ha −1 y −1 for eddy covariance vs. 2.0–9.5 MgC ha −1 y −1 for inventory). Belowground NPP accounted for 49%–53% of the total NPP for both ecosystems, followed by aboveground litter (26%–27%) and wood (16%–17%) production. Increases in water availability increased the potential for C storage, but the mechanism was different in the savanna types. Compared to other savanna ecosystems, the mixed grassland had a lower productivity and C use efficiency (CUE = NPP/GPP = 0.28), while the Cerrado forest had a high CUE (0.58) and similar C flux rates to other tropical savanna forests. The agreement in the C cycle estimates derived from the eddy covariance and inventory methods increases our confidence in the productivity estimates for these tropical savanna ecosystems.